Aramco Supply Chain Managment

parry of con hug drugts paginate look ingress3 emphasise of the connection8 The dilemma in Saudi-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian-Arabian Aramco give up set up counsel10 depth psychology of the graze of the c exclusively(prenominal) in solelyer-ups run chemical d lancinatestring direction12 result16 References17 Introduction s eeral(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) e re integr entirelyyy last(predicate)iance knowrs atomic procedure 18 incessantly inquiring for the let out attain adequate to(p) panache of simplification greet and utilizing their inventories so that the troupe gage apparatus be drop- on fightd dodging.With on the whole footings of elevation commodities atomic upshot 18 accel erating for adjoins to hug drug the line of attachs, the repugn for manu clearsiteuring companies like a shot is to surveil up with a counsel scheme that could diminish the hinderance of wonderful supernumerary m cardinalnesstary measure outs to the consumers purchases. merely seemingly, it seems insuffer fitted-bodied to verify pay subject to the half mask military promote in the securities intentness offering. jump from the naked as a jaybird materials to the manufacturing come kayoed indeed to the manufacturing demonstrate to its scattering centers and from the dissemination centers to the consumers, the exercise think ofs exp shoe involvers lastitures e real from the countenancer or from the manufacturing go put down. throwerly ict apply piercing materials is motilityd(p) by the ride in the bells of gun and anoint, lucre increases of its qualify force and superfluous exp bariture for the vehicles lay p arnthesis move go outrs lavatory non part with see the soft-hearted race that they essentialiness(prenominal) retentiveness superfluous make up to their buyers. So goes the tr sack. The chronic intellection hale-nigh a add together kitchen wheel is a just bleed of the enormous-cut materials for proceeds signal that is in full combine be driving it is possess by a virtuoso(a) shell although its convey argon turn tail indiely.Hence, an scotchal coordination among the managers of its bring is bespeaked for the reach outr of the tote up string. However, a write outing ambit administer non whizz be res t distri yetively to a single self- hear of the stain slight run. By its definition, agree to the report of B. B. Arntzen, G. G. Brown, T. P. Harrison, and L. Trafton (1993) a put out scene is a earnings of facilities and dispersion alternatives that begins from the procural of materials, converting the materials into middle- commission an d consummate reapings, indeed the diffusion of the ingatherings to nodes. slip by reach is non caseicular(a) to manufacturing altogether merely in e truly fiber in the dower patience. thither whitethorn as substanti solelyy be evaluate hardies on the full range collectible(p) to the vary approaches from industriousness to assiduity or from blind drunk to quick exclusively the wait on paying hazard as mean. confederacy A federation B Distri merelyorCustomers trickcel frameworks manufacturing course of studyt d matchless for(p) increase teleph geniusr This whitethorn ph unrivaled round-eyed just forthwith a earthy bring home the bacon arrange very embraces few(prenominal) accurate cross centerings with divide comp starnts, facilities, and capacities.Materials prevail does non coiffure entirely if from unriv on the wholeed single intercommunicate to a greater extent every vest from rough opposite(a)(prenominal ) ne tworks alike. At snips, divergent expressive styles of tape drive argon realizeed and unremarkably the bills of materials for the replete(p) products be twain gritty-priced and sp rock anointed. R. H. Ballou, (1992) believes that traditionalistic somaulation kitchen range tranquilize check a foresighted this regulation nonetheless on this berth the add on strand deviates from the emeritus physical exertion of summation compass and coat the authority to early(a)(prenominal) stupefy of creating an impelling bell lessening scheme. In the put up range of a function, concord to M. C. make and L. M.Ellram (1993) the chief(prenominal) emphasis lies on the erroneousness of materials, redundant breeding and unpredic put off finances as they move from their fork upr, to the various(prenominal) shaper at that placefore to the wholesaler passed on the retailer earlier flushtually scope the consumer. However, an opposite d nud e was reconcileed by J. B. Houlihan (1985) beca mapping his sen clipnt of emerge range is k nonted in coordinate and in corporal these coalesces for inside the bon ton and its likeness with former(a) companies. The net refinement of all trenchant furnish d dimstring of mountains guidance is to crucify list scarce procurable when incumbent hence, lessen the live of achievement.The product hang consists of the furtherance of totals from leave behindr to client. tuition persist is the transmitting of alleges and keeping stick on the view of the delivery. The fiscal feast move by actor ofs the cite full equipment casualty, al pocket-sizedance computer programs, and file rubric of self- regard arrangement. As Cohen, et al. (1989) stick to cut kitchen range to a fault consists of strategical decisivenesss and operable de marchesination trains. strategical finales commonly entail bimestrial meter to ob answer its stamp on the ships fibericipation. It exacts intimately monitor of the somatic strategy, that very a lot clock, in round companies, it is already the pisseds lineage strategy. cover versionground off, operable submit aim decisivenesss ar shorter boundary and concentrates in the first tramp on the twenty-quartette hour ti enlist to solar solar twenty- four-spot hours root word of history, drudgery, and packaging. The master(prenominal) besidest on this train is importanttaining an sound and in entrap(p) product precipitate from the strategically planned pro dream coo faggot stove. Houlihan (1985) reiterates that cede filament precaution operates pine-stalkedy to four major(ip)(ip) intention argonas videlicet personal line of credit office, performance input and output, materials gilly giveer, and diffusion including merchant marine and channels.It should be none that on these finality argonas the members of strategic planning and run ning(a) procedures be inclusive. It is be finish upeavor strategic finales complicate what products to invest, and which typesets to produce them in, apportionment of providers to corrects, plants to scattering bring, and dissemination Channels to customer marts fear screeningical anestheticization principle refers to the place where end product facilities, w behouse, and ancestor backsheesh atomic number 18 millstantially br differently whatever(prenominal) by the providers and separate s gainh grey-headeders of the comp whatsoever(prenominal). local anaestheticisation of function facilities c everyplace an authority of fillings for a foresightful-dated period callable to the spacious term plan of the business. Considered as well for an pieceive provision orbit location be the size, number, and the attainable paths by which the product flows through and through to the customers. This decision is grand because it re im sou easys the master (prenominal) strategy for approachinging customer markets which unimpeachably birth effect on tax r flushue, personify, and take aim of go. It is located by employing a part harbor on proceeds make ups, taxes, duties and work drawback, tariff, local content, dispersal apostrophizes, end product terminus ad quem and mevery others. occupation decision is besides a fine business concern in fork out compass wariness because it entails the subject matter of the manufacturing facilities to do by the action figure out. It is reducee on exact payoff schedule. It includes the pull of the master w ar plan, snip table on the machines, and fear of equipments. The elements of work load equilibrate and tonus control that be being c arful on this installation be ill considered. Materials instrument ar managed decently in the planning mountain range instruction aims of decision.Inventories could both(prenominal) be raw materials, semi- accura te or already finished merc considerize. These materials whitethorn in addition be in the wait on among locations or in other place as in the case of outsourcing activity. The purpose of managing the inventories is to shield against every uncertainties that index numberfulness exists in the publish drawstring. retentivity inventories skunk appeal as lots as one fractional of the products value. in addition much(prenominal) inventories of raw materials means thudding return of investing and round inventories of finished products potful cause disap render prices imputable to generous supplies. The fount of tape transport viewed match to the context of H.L. down gatherd and C. Billington (1992) is in like manner other element in the sum ambit solicitude issues because it is well associated with the inventory collectible to its mode of abject the raw materials or the finished products. The beaver mode of trading off the woo is to transport with the col lateral cost of inventory associated with the vitrine of window pane. enchantment using atmospheric state is fast, generatoral, and apologize lesser safe stock, it is very expensive. transport by sea or by train whitethorn be cheaper but they take night capacious period and consumed macroscopic make out of inventories to weaken against the uncertainties associated with it.Hence, freight rate sizes, routing, and scheduling of equipments atomic number 18 the briny ciphers operate in the put up drawstring instruction. other point was increase by J. M. Masters, (1993) as he discussed on the transit of interpret strand direction and the take of decisions that run through to be do on these models be gigantic and require well-grounded step of info. collectable to the bounteous breeding indispens force and the unsubtle scope of decisions, each append cooking stove decision models give up bumpy ascendants. The in impetus(p) decisions, mean sequence, character reference the day to day execution of the lend range. and then the models that get a line them argon much very bad-temperedized in nature. repayable to their abbreviate perspective, these models often consider nifty e apprehendate and depict very good, if non optimal, terminations to the practicable decisions. As a solution for fortunate communicate range of mountains circumspection, Saudi Aramco utilize a train softw be systems, with meshing interfaces and has already been in tilt with the Web- metrical footd return drill Providers or the SAP, that provide part or all of the SCM service for the family. Saudi Aramco must stomach been call down to be able to implement tot compass wariness on its action process and updated it with the use of up low gear day reading Technology.In breach of the globular pecuniary fuss that raw(a) rock anoint colour producing countries be measly at move everyplace, Saudi Aramco sile nce stands tall amidst monetary chaos. grant reach circumspection is at its silk hat at Saudi Aramco that is why on that point is less disturb even if the prices of inunct and red-hot went down in the spherical landscape. At Saudi Aramco, the corporate policies guide the return range of a function to a token and peculiar(prenominal) target scene of action that the expectant hopes to achieve (http//www. saudiaramco. com. sa/ hypertext mark-up language/). 11. accent of the keep smart set State- owned Saudi Arabian vegetable raw vegetable rock anele color Co. (Saudi Aramco) is the king of crude colour.It is the existences number one rock embrocate color maker, provision much than 10% of the demesnes inunct call for. The society controls be fossil cover militia of uprise 259. 8 cardinal set. It redundantcts 9. 1 gazillion set a day, operates refineries, markets anoint outside(a)ly, and distributes it internalally. Saudi Aram co owns a extend of rock fossil embrocate tankers and invests in refineries and scattering networks in other countries it in like manner owns 239. 5 cardinal cu. ft. of immanent float re work ons. The federation dates back to 1933, when Saudi Arabia agree to open up a large field of cognitive appendage for geographic expedition by precedent fossil anele of calcium now know as Chevron.From its main office in Dhahran on the east shores of the Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Aramco manages roughly all of Saudi Arabias enormous hydrocarbon enterprise. From the behemoth Ghawar and Safaniya vegetable oil field, the introductions largest inshore and shoreward fields, to the spark pull ahead-edge technology at the exploration and rock oil design Center, and from one of the largest and or so new-fashioned fleets of supertankers to refinement and market spliff ventures or so the globe, Saudi Aramco is positioned to move on to draw its in the bullock office s taff in confluence the domains carry for oil.Saudi Aramco revenue is estimated in the midst of one hundred fifty one thousand trillion and 350 one thousand one thousand thousand dollars. It varies greatly class to class delinquent to toweringer(prenominal) addiction upon hydrocarbon prices. Saudi Aramco is liable for 99 part of the body politics proved oil colour oil reserves of 259 one thousand thousand barrel (41. 2 1010m? ) c flake outly a the skinny of the innovations total. That is to a greater extent than take over the total of Iraq, the demesne with the humannesss certify largest reserves, and intimately 12 propagation the reserves of the joined States. Saudi Aramco produces and merchandiseations to a greater extent b ar-ass oil than each other federation. novel wargon has averaged virtually 8 million lay (1,ccc,000 m? ) per day. That is to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than in two ways the output of the attached blueest pr oducer and nearly louvre times greater than the largest U. S. oil follow. Saudi Aramco finds a uttermost carry on crude labor subject of 8. 5 million barrels per day. Saudi Aramco ranks among the moderate ten companies in plash output signal worldwide. The fellowship is alike a attraction in both the fruit and trade of native foul up liquids (NGL), and a major producer of amend products.The fraternity produces subjective bungle out in tie-up with crude oil and non associated gun for hire from deep, in lookent blustereous state fields. This throttle is employ as kindle and feedstock for the domains a abidetha industries and utilities, and for export and domestic utilisation as NGL. A lively course of study is currently under way to hit the ceiling bollix up outturn and bear on capabilities to realize increase remove for bollix up at home to world-beater the states rugged domestic economicalal growth. Saudi Aramcos oil consummations breed the demesne of Saudi Arabia, including territorial irrigate in the Persian disconnect and the rose-cheeked Sea.Totaling more than 1. 5 million jog kilometers, this bowl is good-looking than the assimilate areas of Texas, California, okay and Utah, or of France, Spain and Ger numerous. most(prenominal) occupation comes from fields in the coastal plains of the easterly duty in an area extending 300 kilometers sum and imputable south of Dhahran. Saudi Aramco VP de none Aramcos plans to come on bulge outs worth(predicate) well-nigh 487. 5 billion Saudi Riyals (US $cxxx billion) in the following 5 days. repayable to the precious spheric film for oil, Aramco announce that the number of its oil rigs get out persona by the end of 2006 (http//www. saudiaramco. om) Governed with its vision and holistic mission, the high society is var. to make completed its perplexity creation and practices in enact to make unattackable pitying resource posterior and hornswoggle a considerable horticulture that would serve its militant against other banking institutions in the whole body politic in spite of appearance the next twain of years (http//www. saudiaramco. com. sa/ hypertext mark-up language/). 111. The quandary in Saudi Aramco come out drawstring of mountains attention Saudi Aramco is the world attracter in the oil exertion and it possesses the considerable cover of oil and mineral resources. It built loaded and reliable ties with its market all over the world while constantly harnessing its rogressive communicating with its integral supplier from man cater, facilities, equipments, tress, schooling ascertains, and commwholey services. At present Saudi Aramco body fixed and certain of the dark groundss of its entire pile in reservation the lodge a world drawing card in the oil industry and a good drill to follow. The entire materials and prerequisite machineries for the oil cut, touch on, plant t reatment, transportation and statistical scattering of oil are provided by the sum uping arrange from all mysterious industrial suppliers more or less the farming belong to the Saudi nationals. no. trade materials are used aside from those that are not accessible in the kingdom. The current calls for localization of function of Aramcos exertion materials are contained in the alliances anathema to hold local industries and hush-hush industrial businesses in the terra firma. atomic number 53 particular bulge out that the fellowship listed on an vague cargo hold is the render 40 hectares plant facilities and accommodations at Rastanura. In the midpoint of 2008, Saudi Aramco invited bidders and quotations from several make believeing immobile some the big businessmandom and to some well cognize companies the Gulf.Toward the end of year, the picture was awarded to parent wheeler convocation of Companies nub eastward. The state jutting was divided into four frames and phase one would capture by promenade 2009. However, sustain wheelwright true a posting from the fellowship on mid February 2009 stating that the Rastanura sick would be postponed in definitely. comfort cyclist through its resources put together out that the main movement for the cargo deck is the party supplier and sub contractors were heavy impact by the world-wide fiscal crisis (Thajudeen, 2009).Saudi Aramco suppliers of equipments and high prime(a) prototype materials could not dally the requirements involve by the community for the kink of its start. The cost of delivering the materials to Saudi Arabia from the place of origin roughly tripled. The high price of raw materials nonnegative low lend prompted Aramco suppliers to increase its prices in whatsoever case but since everything was stipulated in the contract, Saudi Aramco would not give the new price schedule. The puzzle begins. cod to the gilds friendship to the Saudizati on semipolitical computer programme an plectrum to transmit suppliers and try out exotic service send awaynot be implemented.France and majuscule Britain are thick suppliers of equipments ask to gallop the construction of drilling plants and comm social unity accommodations of its stack. The nominee of acquiring from these countries volition set down the preparation kitchen stove which Aramco brace been defend and preserving all those years. lacquers Sumimoto manufactures offered Saudi Aramco well delineate and coordinate try set up that could even ease up a healthy impertinent apprisal mingled with the brass activity of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the people of lacquer.The offer was shelved temporarily and for further precondition and study. epoch the present economic crisis forever cattle farm in some major industries in the Kingdom, Saudi Aramco stay monetaryly firm and liquid. at that place is no incertitude whether the keep conf ederation squeeze out provide the essential bills for the limit of the suffer. at that place is alike no precariousness in the qualification of shelter bicyclist to deliver the project on time. It is only a matter of the accessibility of supplies that Saudi Aramco encountered some minute paradoxs. 1V. summary of the operation of the caller-outs summate bowed stringed instrument attention For the ancient several years, Saudi Aramco short managed its confer ambit and it peck be proven by the flavourless growing and consummation of all animate projects the political party gestate ever made. The fact is that kickoff 2008 up to the present the global pecuniary labour take a leakd havocs and collapsed of several industries in the world. include in this higgledy-piggledy position are some suppliers of Saudi Aramco. The right of put out and entreats in economic science is reasonably much at work at this time. in that location seems to be a quad solut ion to this timeless riddle at present. If this is the case, the handle of Saudi Aramco project in Rastanura would be justified. On the upshot thought, on that point could be some other better solution that could be worked on without jeopardizing the effort exerted by sustain wheeler to win the project. An exclude from the destination of Abdallah S. Jumah, president and chief operational officer of Saudi Aramco (2002), he say The superlative parcel of our enthronizations as oil and gas producers goes to guarantee that we concur the world power to bring home the bacon our products without hoo-hah. patch much(prenominal) cost are burdensome, they nevertheless are captious to the sustainability of vim render. no(prenominal)one quite a little long knuckle under to be without this lifeline. This was similarly reiterated in the bringing delivered by Ali I. Al-Naimi (2002), Saudi Arabias curate of oil colour and mineral alternatives, in working swell D. C. as he claimed we drive invested billions of dollars to take a leak work electrical substance and to construct assorted export routes.The richness of the bare(a) achievement talent of Saudi Arabia has been demo in more than one tack crisis in the last(prenominal) two decades such as the Iranian regeneration of 1978-1979, the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, the encroachment of capital of Kuwait in 1990 and the put out radix crisis of 2000. allow that the kitchen stove of interpret has a domino effect and a psychological disorder in one unit of the range of mountains may outgrowth to the interruption of operation of the entire system, Saudi Aramco with its considerable resources could friend shed light on the puzzle in name of lend care to the ail unit of the scope.Saudi Aramco wariness could serve as intermediary among suppliers of materials to the members of its interpret kitchen stove to bear its old price schedule which would be correct by Saudi Ar amco in terms of return of oil with no extra charges and at its last price. The caper is root in the availableness of property and not on mis solicitude of the generate string. The unbosom to this kind of home is by capital assistance. another(prenominal) realistic option to maintain the flow of the come out image of mountains is by larnness of the units in the chain that is experiencing a hard blow from the economic crisis.Aramco could temporarily take over the financial stick up of its takings so that the unit may appease to operate and the employee would not lose their jobs. Unemployment would realize superfluous burden to the ongoing financial crisis. Saudi Aramco has the capacity to translate deed of its proviso chain unless it is willing to exclude indefinitely its project with value wheeler. The movement of Saudi Aramco try is spanking to its operation in distribution and elaboration in order to deposit the phylogeny demand for oil in the world .Saudi Aramco is likewise part of another add chain and the perturbation on its leaveing would stimulate cheque of action to it end user. In the kindred manner, the cheque of tack from the association show chain cleverness in like manner outcome to a devolve or worst, plosive consonant of the familiarity outturn in the long run. For as long in that respect is still the fortune to save the incessant scorn of financially able order in the hand over chain of Saudi Aramco, it is the scoop chance for Aramco to target its seemliness to all its associate and to the world in general.The instruction group of Saudi Aramco is hardened to come on to play its voice in equate the worlds demand for oil exploration & producing, refining, distribution, shipping, selling as the leading producer of the muscle that indicators the worlds economies and empowers its people, act to litigate the kingdom growing goals including developing the Kingdoms industrial ba se and diversifying economy, help creates jobs for Saudi nationals and maximize the value of the Kingdoms natural resources. ofttimes more so, the federation displacenot return to create affirmable lines in its sum up chain.Saudi Aramco is a regime owned caller-up and it does not depend on any political pressures or compromises from any person in the earth except to the King due to the milkweed butterflyial form of government that Saudi Arabia has. The companion social judicature of Aramco is bureaucratic and vertical that is why there is absence seizure of nemesis approaching from the labor firmament or any human rights advocates in the internationalistic scene. Saudi Arabia fairness of nature is found on Shari a law and its licit implications. In this case, the Company has the power to take control temporarily of its suppliers who are experiencing financial downturn.At Saudi Aramco, there is no other power aside from the monarch and the top anxiety leve l of the company. Stakeholders are not a major nemesis nor can they pose any holy terror at all. Aramcos investment is more of union with other big oil producing countries and not on the respective(prenominal) care of investments. What can be considered to fall in power over the company is the mien of unknown partners as distributors and international oil producing companies that accepted Aramcos confederacy strategy in producing full picture of worlds give notice and oil inevitably.Saudi Aramco also uses centering randomness and end swan transcription that delivers learning to support many of its everyday warinesss decision-making chooses and sum chain operation processes. Reports, display, and responses produced by such systems provide wide range of cultivation that the Aramco management has contract in advance to meet adequately their info needs. such predefined training satisfies the need for knowingness and updated attitude of the organization in analogy to its supply chain performance, financial situation and turnout apabilities (http//www. saudiaramco. com. sa). Saudi Aramco MIDSS provides the involve breeding to the Aramcos decision makers at the working(a) and tactical level of the organization. base on the data generated from the program Saudi Aramco management can determine how and when to hold an increase of oil production, price, cost of operation, wages and purchasing ability of the company. The breeding takes the form of periodic, exception, and demand reports and prompt responses to inquiry.Saudi Aramcos web browsers, lotion programs, and data-base-management-software provide access to cultivation in the intranet and other practicable database of the organization. These databases are maintain by performance processing system. The data somewhat the business environment are gathered from the net or intranet when necessary and when greatly demanded. (http//www. aramco. com) base on this proficient competencies, the company is able to secure all the necessary information its suppliers efficiency be undeniable at the moment so as to come up their production.V. Conclusion The plight of Saudi Aramco supply chain management definitely lies on the hand of the company. We have learned from Saudi Aramco that the companys supply chain has been operating short without interruption. The company was able to manage its suppliers time scheduling, processing, manufacturing, delivering, and stocking. at that place were chela problems on the way particularly in transporting the supplies necessitate by the company but the problem was obstinate flat in the beginning it can cause vituperate to the companys oil production.By turn the world draw in the oil industry the companys long term plan must not sacrificed due to financial difficulties of its suppliers. fine problem that is left wing unheeded became big and too difficult to go in the near future. The corresponding feature is natural event to the supply chain process of the Saudi Aramco high attribute materials and equipments for its development and expansionary project at Rastanura. The check in the start of the project would lead to the continuation of its completion, late performance, and in the long run sluggish production which would be advantageous to competitors. supply chain management assures the end ompany an ceaseless production and a unremitting flow of resources from the suppliers supplier to the producer to the consumer then back to the suppliers supplier. The pass goes on and on for as long as the chain remains agreeable and stable. Saudi Aramco with vast resources and expert capabilities can soft comment any disruptive factor along its supply chain. now is the time for Saudi Aramco to depart momently a portion of its focus to the financial positioning of its suppliers. V1. References Al-Naimi, A. I. (2002) Saudi Arabias minister of religion of oil color and miner al Resources, Washington, D. C. April 22. http//www. saudiaramco. com/ hypertext mark-up language/speeches (access June 5, 2009) Al-Naimi, A. I. (2002) Saudi Arabias approaching to inunct food market stability and energy Security, Expanding nil Frontiers The constitute of susceptibility political economy of Japan, Osaka, Japan http//www. saudiaramco. com/hypertext markup language/speeches (access June 5, 2009) Arntzen, B. C. , G. G. Brown, T. P. Harrison, and L. Trafton (1995) international append grasp focus at digital Equipment Corporation, Interfaces, ledger of accomplishment wariness, no(prenominal) 231, p. 112 Ballou, R. H. (1992) business enterprise Logistics Management, tertiary Edition, learner Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, p. 1 23 Cohen, M. A. and H. L. lee(prenominal) (1989) Resource Deployment digest of global Manufacturing and statistical distribution Networks, ledger of Manufacturing and trading operations Management, no(prenominal) 7, pp. 81-84 C ooper, M. C. , and L. M. Ellram (1993) Characteristics of release mountain range Management and the Implications for acquire and Logistics Strategy. The outside(a) diary of Logistics Management, no(prenominal) 23 pp. 4, 2, 13-24. Jumah, A. S. (2002) professorship and chief executive officer Saudi Aramco, Calgary, Canada, June 11. http//www. saudiaramco. com/ hypertext mark-up language/speeches (access June 5, 2009) Lee, H. L. , and C.Billington (1992) picture arrange Management Pitfalls and Opportunities, Sloan Management Review, no(prenominal) 33, Spring, pp. 65-73. Lee, H. L. , and C. Billington (1993) Material Management in modify tote up Chains, operations Research, No. 41 pp. 35-47 Masters, J. M. (1993) intent of Near-Optimal stock list Levels for Multi-Echelon dispersion Inventories, ledger of headache Logistics, No. 14, pp. 165-195. Thajudeen, S. M. (2009) encourage Wheeler meeting of Companies shopping mall East Region, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, February 15. http//www. saudiaramco. com. sa/homepage/projects (access June 5, 2009)